Infecciones torch: Consecuencias a largo plazo para los recién nacidos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR20225.9.1.2025.e353Palabras clave:
Anticuerpos; Citomegalovirus; Madres; Recién nacidos; Pérdida auditiva sensorialResumen
Las infecciones TORCH representan un problema de salud pública por su capacidad de transmitirse de madre a feto, causando secuelas graves en recién nacidos. Los agentes patógenos incluyen Toxoplasma gondii, Rubéola, Citomegalovirus y Herpes simplex virus tipo I y II, el agente infeccioso conduce a la infección y puede entrar en la circulación intrauterina. Por otra parte, pueden generar malos pronósticos incluyendo esterilidad, aborto involuntario, malformación congénita y pérdida fetal intrauterina. Las pruebas serológicas a través de la detección de anticuerpos IgM e IgG se utilizan para la identificación de estas infecciones. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar infecciones TORCH y consecuencias a largo plazo para los recién nacidos. La metodología consistió en una revisión bibliográfica utilizando bases de datos científicas como PubMed, SciELO, Elsevier, ScienceDirect y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron artículos completos publicados entre 2019 y 2024, excluyendo aquellos no disponibles en texto completo, así como revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis. Los resultados demostraron que la IgG es seroprevalente en las infecciones TORCH, especialmente en citomegalovirus y rubéola, con variaciones regionales en toxoplasmosis y herpes. La IgM, que señala infecciones recientes, mostró bajos porcentajes y un bajo riesgo de transmisión. En recién nacidos, las consecuencias incluyen problemas auditivos, hidrocefalia y daños oculares, defectos cardíacos y visuales, alteraciones hepáticas y cutáneas, y daños neurológicos. En conclusión, las infecciones TORCH evidencian un impacto en el desarrollo neonatal, destacando la necesidad de estrategias preventivas, detección temprana y manejo específico para mitigar las consecuencias a largo plazo, especialmente en áreas de alta prevalencia.
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