Cistitis intersticial/síndrome de vejiga dolorosa: Diagnóstico y tratamiento farmacologico y no farmacologico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR20225.9.1.2025.e198Palabras clave:
cistitis intersticial; síndrome de vejiga dolorosa; síndrome de dolor vesical; tratamiento farmacológico; tratamiento no farmacológicoResumen
Introducción: La cistitis intersticial (IC/BPS) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica no bacteriana que causa dolor persistente y síntomas urinarios crónicos, afectando significativamente la calidad de vida. La enfermedad tiene un componente psicológico importante, con altas tasas de depresión y ansiedad, lo que subraya la necesidad de comprender mejor sus mecanismos patogénicos y métodos de diagnóstico. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica actualizada (2020-2024) sobre cistitis intersticial y su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se consultaron 38 fuentes, incluyendo metaanálisis, revisiones sistemáticas y ensayos clínicos. Las bases de datos empleadas fueron Google Scholar, PubMed, The New England, ELSEVIER, Wiley Online Library y Dialnet, utilizando términos clave en inglés. Se excluyeron estudios previos a 2020, información duplicada o no relevante a los objetivos. Resultados: Los biomarcadores urinarios están emergiendo como herramientas diagnósticas prometedoras, aunque aún necesitan validación clínica. La cistoscopia sigue siendo una herramienta clave para la identificación de lesiones específicas, como las úlceras de Hunner, pero su sensibilidad es limitada. En cuanto al tratamiento, se destacan las terapias farmacológicas (pentosán polisulfato sódico y amitriptilina), que han mostrado resultados mixtos y efectos secundarios. Los tratamientos intravesicales, como el dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) y la terapia de glicosaminoglicanos, también han mostrado eficacia limitada. Discusión: La cistitis intersticial sigue siendo una enfermedad compleja, y su manejo es desafiante debido a la falta de tratamientos definitivos y los efectos secundarios de las terapias actuales. Las opciones farmacológicas no siempre son efectivas, y los tratamientos intravesicales requieren procedimientos invasivos. Conclusiones:
El diagnóstico de IC/BPS sigue siendo complicado debido a la falta de marcadores específicos. Las terapias no farmacológicas, como la modificación de la dieta y el manejo del estrés, son esenciales y pueden complementar los tratamientos farmacológicos, mejorando la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
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