Fibropapilomatosis en Tortugas Marinas (Chelonia mydas): Factores predisponentes, Impacto en la Salud Animal y Humana, y Estrategias de Manejo

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR20225.9.4.2025.e1233

Palabras clave:

fibropapilomatosis; chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5; tortuga verde (chelonia mydas); factores ambientales; conservación marina.

Resumen

La fibropapilomatosis (FP) es una enfermedad tumoral emergente que afecta a poblaciones de tortugas marinas, principalmente Chelonia mydas, y constituye un modelo paradigmático de interacción entre factores virales, ambientales y antropogénicos. Su agente etiológico, el Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), ha coevolucionado con las tortugas durante millones de años, pero las alteraciones climáticas, contaminación costera y la degradación de hábitats han favorecido su reactivación patológica. Este estudio revisa la evidencia reciente (2012–2024) sobre la etiología, patogénesis, epidemiología y estrategias de manejo de la FP, basada en literatura científica indexada en PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Los hallazgos destacan que la temperatura del agua, la eutrofización y la exposición a contaminantes orgánicos persistentes actúan como cofactores críticos que comprometen la inmunocompetencia y promueven la replicación viral. Asimismo, se observa una alta variabilidad geográfica en la prevalencia, alcanzando hasta 70 % en zonas tropicales con intensa actividad humana. Aunque la cirugía láser es el principal tratamiento disponible, la recurrencia tumoral y la falta de terapias antivirales eficaces limitan la recuperación. La FP no solo amenaza la supervivencia de las tortugas, sino también la estabilidad ecológica de los ecosistemas marinos y la salud humana asociada a prácticas de consumo ilegal. Se concluye que el abordaje de esta enfermedad requiere un enfoque integrado basado en el paradigma “Una Salud” (One Health), que vincule la conservación de la fauna marina, la salud pública y la mitigación de los factores ambientales subyacentes.

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    Cited

    DOI: 10.56048DOI

Biografía del autor/a

Britany Camila Salazar-Cantuña, UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO

Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria

Gerardo Enrique Kelly-Alvear, UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO

Docente Tutor de Medicina Veterinaria

Citas

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Publicado

2025-11-21

Cómo citar

Salazar-Cantuña, B. C., & Kelly-Alvear, G. E. (2025). Fibropapilomatosis en Tortugas Marinas (Chelonia mydas): Factores predisponentes, Impacto en la Salud Animal y Humana, y Estrategias de Manejo . MQRInvestigar, 9(4), e1233. https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR20225.9.4.2025.e1233