Visualización dinámica de fuerzas mediante interacción natural en educación STEM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR20225.9.3.2025.e1074Palabras clave:
Diagramas de cuerpo libre; ambiente virtual; usabilidad; Leap Motion; motivación intrínseca; STEMResumen
En el aprendizaje de la física, se requiere comprensión de las interacciones entre fuerzas y el desarrollo del razonamiento científico. Sin embargo, los estudiantes suelen enfrentar dificultades al abstraer, representar gráficamente y conceptualizar las fuerzas que actúan sobre un objeto, lo que limita su capacidad de análisis y resolución de problemas. El presente estudio se centra en el diseño e implementación de un entorno interactivo que integra el sensor Leap Motion con la plataforma Unity, permitiendo a los estudiantes manipular diagramas de cuerpo libre en cinco escenarios virtuales. A través de la interacción natural basada en gestos de la mano, los participantes arrastraron y ubicaron etiquetas de fuerzas, experimentando de manera dinámica la construcción y análisis de los diagramas. La metodología adoptada fue de tipo cuantitativo con un diseño pre–post test, complementado con un componente cualitativo mediante la aplicación de una escala de usabilidad y un cuestionario de motivación intrínseca. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 25 estudiantes del curso introductorio a ingeniería. Los resultados evidenciaron mejoras significativas en la comprensión de los diagramas de cuerpo libre tras la intervención, así como una percepción de usabilidad elevada (SUS = 94,7) y altos niveles de motivación intrínseca (IMI = 6,55 en promedio). Estos hallazgos sugieren que la integración de tecnologías de interacción natural puede potenciar tanto el aprendizaje conceptual como la experiencia formativa en contextos educativos STEM.
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