Modelación constitutiva no lineal de suelos bajo cargas cíclicas y dinámicas: una revisión sistemática de avances, limitaciones y desafíos futuros.

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR.2026.e5

Palabras clave:

Modelación constitutiva no lineal; Cargas cíclicas y dinámicas; Comportamiento del suelo; Análisis dinámico geotécnico; Degradación de rigidez.

Resumen

Introducción: La modelación constitutiva no lineal de suelos sometidos a cargas cíclicas y dinámicas es uno de los ejes de la ingeniería geotécnica moderna por el papel determinante que juegan en la predicción de la respuesta sísmica, estabilidad y rendimiento de infraestructuras donde la seguridad estructural y funcional en contextos geotécnicos no se atiene a modelos simplificados para reproducir fenómenos como histéresis, degradación de rigidez o acumulación de deformaciones. Metodología: Se efectuó un trabajo de revisión sistematizada de la literatura científica indizada en base a unos criterios de inclusión y exclusión sistemáticos, orientado a identificar, clasificar y revisar modelos constitutivos no lineales comprendidos en la casuística geotécnica y que hayan sido aplicados en condiciones de cargas cíclicas y dinámicas. Resultados: El corpus analizado encontró un creciente uso de modelos avanzados de plasticidad con superficies envolventes, hipo plásticos, estado crítico y formulaciones dependientes de energía con mejoras significativas en la reproducción de degradaciones cíclicas, efectos de memoria y acumulación de deformaciones. Discusión de resultados: Se constata la existencia de una brecha notoria en prevalentes destacados en el ámbito académico y en la práctica profesional, asociada a la complejidad de calibrar, la necesidad de cpu intensivo por el tipo de modelo considerado y la escasa validación experimental extensa de los modelos más avanzados. Conclusiones: La disciplina presenta un alto nivel de madurez teórica pero debe hacer frente a retos de transferencia a la práctica. Se proponen avanzar hacia modelos más robustos, simplificados y validados, así como integrar técnicas a partir del aprendizaje automático y bases de datos experimentales sistemáticas.

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    Cited

    DOI: 10.56048DOI

Biografía del autor/a

Patricio Gonzalo Sanchez-Farfan, UNIVERSIDAD SAN IGNACIO DE LOYOLA

Estudiante de la carrera de Ingeniería Civil, facultad de Ingeniería

Lima– Perú

Citas

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Publicado

2026-01-07

Cómo citar

Sanchez-Farfan, P. G. (2026). Modelación constitutiva no lineal de suelos bajo cargas cíclicas y dinámicas: una revisión sistemática de avances, limitaciones y desafíos futuros. MQRInvestigar, 10(1), e5. https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR.2026.e5